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DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors, also known as “gliptins,” are a class of oral medications used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Their mechanism of action involves the inhibition of …

In pharmacology, dose equivalent refers to a comparison between the potency of different drugs that have similar therapeutic effects. It indicates the amount of one drug that would produce the …

Carbohydrates are in the form of polysaccharides, formed of monosaccharides held together by alpha glucosidic bonds. Alpha glucosidase enzymes (brush border cells of intestine) break these bonds to release monosaccharides, …

Intermediate-acting insulins are a type of insulin used to control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, particularly in those who require a longer duration of action than short-acting insulins …