Cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, plays a significant role in protein metabolism, especially under stress. Its influence on protein breakdown (proteolysis) is crucial for providing substrates …

Metformin is a widely used medication in diabetes management, known for improving insulin sensitivity and helping with glycemic control. However, its use can intersect with conditions like adrenal insufficiency and …

Hypoglycemia in adrenal insufficiency is a potential complication due to the lack of cortisol, which is critical for glucose regulation and metabolic stability. Here’s an overview of hypoglycemia in this …

Managing hypoglycemia, particularly in diabetes, involves prompt recognition and treatment to prevent complications. Here’s a comprehensive approach: 1. Recognize Symptoms of Hypoglycemia Mild Hypoglycemia: Hunger, shakiness, sweating, dizziness, irritability, rapid …

Certain foods and dietary habits can increase cortisol secretion, especially when consumed regularly or in excess. Here are some that are known to impact cortisol levels: 1. Refined Sugars and …

Sulphonylureas are one of the oldest antidiabetic agents. They act by stimulating beta cells to secrete insulin. That is why they can also lead to hypoglycemia, and are always started …

Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes. It indicates an increased risk of developing …

PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma) agonists are a class of drugs that activate the PPARγ receptor, which is a nuclear receptor involved in the regulation of genes responsible for glucose …

Living with diabetes involves a commitment to managing blood sugar levels, maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and making lifestyle adjustments that support long-term health. Here are …

Metformin lowers insulin resistance by countering cortisol secretion, which in turn reduces glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. It is typically prescribed according to the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion. Circadian Rhythm of …

DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors, also known as “gliptins,” are a class of oral medications used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Their mechanism of action involves the inhibition of …

In pharmacology, dose equivalent refers to a comparison between the potency of different drugs that have similar therapeutic effects. It indicates the amount of one drug that would produce the …

Carbohydrates are in the form of polysaccharides, formed of monosaccharides held together by alpha glucosidic bonds. Alpha glucosidase enzymes (brush border cells of intestine) break these bonds to release monosaccharides, …

Intermediate-acting insulins are a type of insulin used to control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, particularly in those who require a longer duration of action than short-acting insulins …